Carbureter



No. 750,764. PATENTED JAN. 26, 1904. E'. HARMANY. URBURETBR.

APPLIOATION FILED Nov. 24. 1902.

No MODEL.

UNITED STATES Patented January 26, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERIC HARMANY, OF MARIETTA, OHIO, ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT AND MESNEASSIGNMENTS, OF PART TO IDA M. BUTTS, JAMES MCOORMIOK, FORREST OLYMER,AND JAMES B. MCCORMICK, OE MARIETTA, OHIO.

CARBURETER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 750,764, dated January26, 1904.

Application filed November 24, 1902. Serial No. 132,612. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERIC HARMANY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Marietta, in the county of Washington and State of Ohio,have invented a new and useful Device for Vaporizing and BurningHydrocarbon Oils, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in devices for vaporizing andburning hydrocarbon oils, and has for its object to provide aconstruction by which a substantially iixed gas may be produced from theoil which will burn with complete consumption of the carbon and willgive the highest heat possible and at the same time the device shall befree from liability of clogging from condensation of the gas or depositof carbon.

With this object in view the invention comprises means for mechanicallybreaking up or atomizing the oil and mixing the vapor thus formed withair to form a combustible mixture at a comparatively low temperature andbefore the oil is subjected to high heat and a burner to which themixture is conveyed.

The invention also comprises the combination, of the means for atomizingthe oil and mixing the vapor with air, with a burner comprising aretort-vaporizer in which the mixture coming from the atomizing andmixing device is subjected to high heat to convert it into asubstantially xed gas before it is conveyed to the burner proper.

The invention further comprises the construction and combination ofparts hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the claims,it being understood that various changes in the form, proportions, size,and minor details of the structure may be made without departing fromthe spirit or sacrific- 40 ing any of the advantages of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of aburner and retort-vaporizer constructed in accordance with myvinvention. Eig. 2 is a detail perspective view of the same. Fig. 3 is atransverse sectional elevation through the retort on the line 3 3 ofFig. 1. Fig. 4 is a sectional plan view of the mixing-chamber on theline 4 4 of Fig. 1.

Similar numerals of reference are employed to indicate correspondingparts `throughout the several figures of the drawings.

The burner in the present case is intended for use for heating purposesin general and may be placed within the combustion-chamber of asteam-boiler furnace or at any other required point.

The retort-vaporiz'er is preferably in the form of an elongated cylinder10 having removable end caps 11, said retort being supported in place inany suitable manner, as by standards 12. Extending under and parallelwith the retort is a gas-pipe 13, connected at one end with the retortand receiving gas therefrom to be conducted through a plurality ofburner-orifices in the pipe, the iiame impinging directly on the retortand heating the same to an extent suiiicient to vaporize the hydrocarboncontained therein. The gas employed for heating the steam-boiler orother purpose is discharged from the retort through a pipe 14, which maybe connected to one or more burner-pipes 15, having discharge-openingsadjacent to the retort or at any required distance therefrom.

The oil in liquid form may be fed to the retort through a valved pipe16, provided at a point inside the retort with a plurality ofdischarge-openings, which are formed at the top of the pipe in orderthat the oil entering under pressure may be forced in the form of minutejets against the top of the retort and thence fall in the form of aspraytoward the highlyheated lower portion of the retort. In the lowerportion of the retort is placed a quantity of refractory material 18 inthe form of broken lire-brick or the like, which will act to store heatand in the event of the deposit of any heavy impurities will subject thelatter to a high temperature for purposes of distillation, the mixtureof oil-vapor and the distillate escaping through the severalburner-pipes and will be consumed.

Where the oil used is crude and contains a comparatively largepercentage of impurities, it is preferred to introduce it into theretort in connection with a quantity of air, the liquid being firstreduced to an atomized condition in order that the heat of the retortmay act more efectually thereon to convert the same into gas, and inthis connection provision is also made for a partial mechanicalseparation of such of the heavier impurities as it may be desired toremove from the atomized liquid before entering the retort. To this endI employ a mixing and atomizing chamber in the form of avertically-disposed cylinder or tube having upper and lower removablecaps and provided at a point near its upper'end with a discharge-pipe26, leading into the retort-vaporizer and provided with perforationsWithin the retort for the escape of the atomized liquid. Extending intothe lower portion of the mixing-chamber is a valved pipe 27, connectedto a source of supply, as the pipe 16, and the upper end of said pipe 27is provided with a cap or plug 28, having a centrally-disposeddischarge-orifice 29 of very small diameter. rIhe liquid hydrocarbon isforced under pressure through the orifice 29 in the form of a minute jetwhich strikes against the upper cap of the mixing-chamber, which acts asa xed abutment against which the jet of oil impinges and by which it isbroken up into minute particles, which are thence deflected downwardlytoward the bottom of the chamber as a spray or vapor, the separation ofheavier impurities which may have been held in suspension in the oilbeing assisted by gravity and these impurities falling to the bottom ofthe chamber, from which they may be withdrawn from time to time througha discharge 30, while the atomized liquid passes through the pipe 26into the retort. In one side of the mixing-chamber is an opening throughwhich passes a valved airpipe 31, leading from a compressed-airreservoir or the like, the inner end of the pipe being directed in aradial line toward the oil-inlet pipe 27, but in a horizontal planebelow the cap 28, so that the entering air-jet will not interfere withthe upward movement of the small jet of oil issuing through the orifice29. The air-jet impinges against the cap and the oil-pipe, its forcebeing broken and the tank and cap acting as deflectors to divide thecurrent and form, in effect, a horizontal wall or partition of, airthrough which the atomized oil tends to fall by gravity, while the airin seeking an outlet moves bodily upward within the mixing-chamber andbecomes thoroughly saturated with the atomized oil and carries the samein the form of a vapor through the pipe 26 into the retort to be theresubjected to the action of heat, by which the mixture is converted intoa substantially fixed combustible gas, which is' conveyed to the burnerand is burned in the combustion-chamber as a gas with completecombustion of the carbon.

In operating the burner and retort-vaporizer it is generally preferredto introduce the air and atomized oil from the mixing-chamber alone, thevalve in the oil-supply pipe 16 being closed; but should a heavier orricher gas be required the valve in the pipe 16 is opened and the oil inits liquid form is forced through said pipeand discharged in minute jetsagainst the top of the retort. In striking the top of the retort thesmall jets of oil are broken up practically into the form of a vapor,which gradually sinks by gravity toward the bottom of the retort, thebreaking up or disintegration of the body of oil rendering the action ofthe heat much more effective in effecting the vaporizing or gas-formingprocess.

In starting the device the valves controlling the supply of oil and airto the mixing-chamber are opened and the mixture of atomized oil and airis formed as above described. The mixture passes to the retort and fromthe retort to the burner-orifice in pipes 13 and 15, where it is lightedand burns as a vapor, probably consisting of the more volatilehydrocarbons and air. The retort being cold at starting, the mixture asit comes from the mixing-chamber passes without change to the burners,except that probably the heavier hydrocarbons condense to a greater orless extent in the retort. As soon as the vapor is lighted the retortbegins to be heated, and as it heats up the heavier hydrocarbons, ifany, condensed in the retort are vaporized and converted into gas. Asthe device continues in action the mixture coming to the retort from themixing-chamber is subjected to high heat and is converted into asubstantially fixed gas and is conveyed to the burner as a gas.

After the retort has become sufliciently hot the valve admitting oil tothe pipe 16 may be opened to discharge oil more or less vaporized IOO bythe heat of the retort into the retort, where itis converted into gasand mixed with the gas formed from the mixture coming from themixing-chamber, forming a richer gas than would be formed from theatomized oil and air alone.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is- 1. Thecombination in a device for vaporizing and burning hydrocarbon oils, ofa mixingchamber provided with a fixed abutment, a discharge-orificeWithin the chamber below the abutment, means for forcing a ne stream orjet of oil through the dischargeoriiice upwardly against said abutment,by which it is deflected downward in the form of spray or vapor, meansfor introducing air' into the mixing-chamber below the dischargeorificeto mix with the spray or vapor to form a combustible mixture, means forheating the mixture thus formed to convert it into a substantially fixedgas, and means for conveying the gas to a burner; substantially asdescribed.

2. The combination in a device for Vaporizing and burning hydrocarbonoil, of a mixingchamber provided with a lixed abutment, a

discharge-orifice within the chamber below IIO the abutment, means forforcing a line stream or jet of oil through the discharge-orice upwardlyagainst said abutment, by which it is deflected downward in the form ofspray or vapor, means for introducing air under pressure into themixing-chamber below the discharge-orifice to mix with the spray orvapor, a retort-vaporizer, a connection from the mixing-chamber to theretort-vaporizer for conveying the mixture thus formed to theretortvaporizer, and a burner connected with the retort-vaporizer andarranged to heat thesame; substantially as described.

3. In a device of the class specilied, the combination with a retort, ofmeans for heating the retort, a mixing-chamber, an oil-supply pipeleading into the mixing-chamber and provided with a discharge-milice fordirecting a jet of oil against the top of the mixingchamber, anair-supply pipe leading into the lower portion of the mixing-chamber ata point below the discharge-orilice and adapted to direct a jet of airinto contact with the oilpipe, and a piping connection between themixing-chamber and the retort for conveying the air and atomized oilfrom the mixingchamber.

il.A The combination with the retort, of means for heating the retort, amixing-chamber closed at its upper and lower ends, an oilsupply pipeleading into the lower end of the mixing-chamber and provided with aperforated cap through which a jet of oil may be discharged against thetop of the mixingchamber, a radially-disposed air-supply pipe leadinginto the mixing-chamber at a point below the perforations of the cap andadapted to direct a jet of air against the cap and upper portion of theoil-supply pipe, and a pipe leading from the upper portion of themixingchamber into the retort and there provided with orifices, theupward-moving body of air in the mixing-chamber meeting the deflectedjet of oil in said chamber and becoming saturated with the oil beforeits passage through the pipe leading to the retort.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto aixed mysignature in the presence of two witnesses.

FREDERIC HARMANY.

Witnesses:

C. E. DoYLE, J. Ross CoLHoUN.

